PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL OBSTACLES ON THE PATH OF SOCIALISATION OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH FUNCTIONAL MENTAL LIMITATIONS (ACTUAL EXPERIENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN)
Abstract
Research objective – to investigate psychological and social obstacles to the child's socialization preschool age with functional mental limitations. For solution delivered tasks in work was used methods theoretical and empirical (pilot), in which 39 mothers raising children aged 2.8 to 5 years participated , who underwent a periodic medical examination or sought help from a rehabilitation center. The research was conducted on the basis of the Public Association of Disabled People “Kenes” Center for Social Adaptation and Labor Rehabilitation in Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, which provides comprehensive services. The empirical method was Questioning mothers at initial consultations and studying anamnestic data in the prenatal and postpartum periods and analyzing subsequent factors of child development . Psychological- medical-social diagnostics aimed to comprehensively assess the medical-biological, psychological and social components, which allows us to make a judgment about the presence of stability and the degree of restriction of certain categories of life activities and social isolation of the child and family. According to our survey, all causes of developmental delay, in our opinion, can be divided into prenatal (problems of intrauterine development) and postnatal (postnatal period, the duration of which is approximately 1 month after birth). By the nature of the risk, the causes can also be divided into: risks associated with the mother's health (heredity, chronic diseases, etc.), risks associated with the child's health (presence of a cyst or other pathologies confirmed by medical and instrumental studies), risks of an external nature/intervention (birth trauma, aggressive rapid birth, or vice versa - prolongation of the labor period, prolonged fetal dehydration, reactions to vaccination, anesthesia).
We have determined that a fairly high percentage of mothers (71%) see the cause of a child's developmental delay in preventive vaccinations, which, in our opinion, requires further study.
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